Which type of red blood cells is characteristic of pernicious anemia?

Pernicious anemia is primarily characterized by the presence of macrocytic and normochromic red blood cells. This occurs due to a deficiency in vitamin B12, which is necessary for DNA synthesis in the production of red blood cells. As a result, when the body lacks sufficient vitamin B12, it leads to the formation of larger than normal red blood cells, known as macrocytes. These cells are also normochromic, meaning they retain a normal color due to adequate hemoglobin content despite their larger size.

The pathophysiology behind pernicious anemia involves the inability of the intestines to properly absorb vitamin B12, often due to a lack of intrinsic factor produced by the stomach. The combination of large, well-oxygenated red blood cells with a normal amount of hemoglobin is why this condition presents with macrocytic and normochromic characteristics on a complete blood count. In summary, the identification of red blood cells as macrocytic and normochromic is essential in diagnosing pernicious anemia.