Which sign is indicative of chronic hypertension?

Chronic hypertension can lead to various complications over time, one of which is left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). This condition occurs as the heart works harder to pump blood against the increased pressure in the arteries, resulting in the thickening of the muscular walls of the left ventricle. LVH is a common finding on an echocardiogram in patients with long-standing high blood pressure and is considered a significant risk factor for cardiovascular events such as heart failure, arrhythmias, and myocardial infarction.

In contrast, while severe headaches, elevated heart rate, and frequent dizziness can be associated with hypertension, they are not specific signs of chronic hypertension. Severe headaches may accompany hypertensive crises but are not indicative of a chronic state. An elevated heart rate can be caused by a variety of factors unrelated to hypertension and does not specifically signify chronic hypertension. Frequent dizziness may occur due to numerous reasons, including postural hypotension, medication side effects, or other health issues, and is not a reliable marker for diagnosing chronic hypertension. Therefore, the presence of left ventricular hypertrophy is a clear indicator of the long-term effects of untreated or poorly controlled hypertension.