Which photoreceptor cells are responsible for color vision?

Color vision is primarily facilitated by cone photoreceptor cells located in the retina of the eye. These cones are sensitive to different wavelengths of light, allowing them to detect colors. There are three types of cones corresponding to short (blue), medium (green), and long (red) wavelengths, which combine their responses to help perceive a wide spectrum of colors.

The other choices do not play a role in color vision. Rods, for instance, are responsible for vision in low-light conditions and do not detect color, only shades of gray. The macula is a specific area in the retina that contains a high concentration of cones and is crucial for detailed central vision but is not a type of photoreceptor itself. The pupils control the amount of light that enters the eye and are not involved in the detection of color.