Which patient does not need to be screened for diabetes mellitus?

The choice indicating a 30-year-old White man with hypertension does not meet the current screening guidelines for diabetes mellitus, primarily because the American Diabetes Association does not recommend screening for diabetes in asymptomatic individuals without additional risk factors. While hypertension is a risk factor for diabetes, it is not sufficient alone to necessitate immediate screening without other contributing factors such as obesity, family history of diabetes, or being part of a high-risk minority group.

In contrast, the other options involve individuals with known risk factors for diabetes. An obese man of Hispanic descent and an overweight Black woman with a family history of diabetes both belong to groups with increased prevalence of diabetes. Additionally, a woman who delivered an infant weighing over 9 lbs (indicative of gestational diabetes) also fits the criteria for screening due to her history of potential glucose intolerance during pregnancy. These factors highlight the importance of identifying individuals at higher risk for diabetes so that interventions can be implemented early to prevent its onset.