Which infections are included in the TORCH acronym for fetal infections?

The TORCH acronym represents a group of infections known to pose risks to fetal development and can lead to congenital conditions. Each letter in TORCH stands for a specific infection or category of infections that are particularly concerning during pregnancy.

The correct answer includes:

• Toxoplasma gondii: This is a protozoan parasite that can be transmitted through undercooked meat or exposure to cat feces. Infection during pregnancy can lead to serious complications and congenital defects in the fetus.

• Other infections: This category encompasses a range of infections that could impact pregnancy such as syphilis, varicella-zoster virus, or others that do not fall into the other specific categories of the acronym.

• Rubella: This viral infection can cause severe congenital anomalies, including heart defects and hearing loss, if contracted by the mother during the first trimester.

• Cytomegalovirus (CMV): This common virus can be transmitted from mother to fetus and result in developmental issues, hearing loss, and other complications.

• Herpes simplex virus (HSV): Neonatal herpes, resulting from active maternal disease during delivery, can be particularly dangerous for newborns.

This definition of TORCH is critical for healthcare providers,