Which condition is koilonychia most commonly associated with?

Koilonychia, characterized by spoon-shaped nails, is most commonly associated with iron-deficiency anemia. This condition is particularly significant because iron is essential for hemoglobin production and overall oxygen transport in the body. When iron levels are insufficient, various changes occur, including alterations in the structure of the nails.

In iron-deficiency anemia, the deficiency can lead to reduced oxygen delivery to tissues, affecting nail growth and morphology. The changes in the nails, including koilonychia, are one of the clinical manifestations reflecting systemic iron shortage.

While other conditions such as lead poisoning, beta thalassemia trait, and B12 deficiency anemia can produce various changes in nails or other physiological signs, koilonychia remains most closely linked with iron-deficiency anemia due to the direct impact of iron levels on nail health. Recognizing this association helps in prompt diagnosis and management of iron deficiency, emphasizing the importance of maintaining adequate iron levels for overall health.