What is the primary role of an institutional review board (IRB) in research institutions?

The primary role of an institutional review board (IRB) is to protect the rights of the human subjects who participate in research. This protection encompasses ensuring that participants are fully informed about the nature of the study, including any potential risks, benefits, and their right to withdraw from the study at any time without penalty. The IRB evaluates research proposals to ensure that ethical standards are upheld and that the dignity and welfare of participants are prioritized throughout the research process.

By serving as a checkpoint, the IRB helps to mitigate risks and fosters ethical research practices, which ultimately contributes to the integrity of the research process and the safety of the subjects involved. While the board may also evaluate safety and appropriateness of research protocols as part of its broader mission, its fundamental responsibility lies in the protection of human subjects—ensuring that ethical considerations are at the forefront of any research involving human participants.