What is the primary purpose of the ELISA test?

The primary purpose of the ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) test is to detect antibodies or antigens in a sample, making it particularly effective for diagnosing infections. In the case of HIV, the ELISA test is used to identify the presence of antibodies that the immune system produces in response to the virus. This test allows for the early detection of HIV infection, which is crucial for timely treatment and management of the disease.

While other tests and screenings may relate to health indicators or conditions, the specificity of the ELISA test for identifying HIV makes it an essential tool in the realm of infectious disease diagnostics. It is highly sensitive and specific, contributing to its preference for initial screening in the case of HIV. The other options listed do not align with the main capabilities of the ELISA test. For instance, measuring blood cholesterol levels or assessing liver function involves different testing methodologies, such as lipid panels or liver function tests. Similarly, screening for autoimmune disorders typically requires different serological tests that are designed to detect specific markers associated with those conditions.