What is the most common cause of left ventricular hypertrophy in the United States?

Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is most commonly caused by chronic hypertension, which is the correct answer. In the context of LVH, chronic hypertension leads to increased systemic vascular resistance that the heart must work against, ultimately resulting in thickening of the ventricular walls to manage the increased workload. This adaptation occurs as the heart's muscle fibers increase in size to maintain efficient pumping.

Chronic hypertension is prevalent in the United States, affecting a significant portion of the adult population, and it is a well-established risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The persistent elevation of blood pressure over time forces the left ventricle to function harder, contributing to hypertrophy.

While other conditions like chronic atrial fibrillation, mitral valve prolapse, and pulmonary hypertension can be associated with LVH, they are not the predominant causes. Chronic hypertension stands out as the leading contributor due to its prevalence and direct effect on the cardiac workload. Understanding this connection is crucial for managing patients at risk of developing heart-related complications stemming from prolonged elevated blood pressure.