What condition is indicated by large nodules and pustules in the axillae that resolve with antibiotics?

The presence of large nodules and pustules specifically located in the axillary region that show resolution with antibiotics points clearly to hidradenitis suppurativa. This condition is characterized by recurrent inflammatory nodules and abscesses primarily in areas of friction, such as the axillae, groin, and under the breasts. The inflammatory process is often associated with bacterial infection, which is why antibiotics can lead to improvement of the symptoms.

Hidradenitis suppurativa typically involves painful lumps that can lead to sinus tract formation and scarring over time. While severe nodular acne presents with comedones and deeper cysts, it usually occurs on the face and is not confined to areas like the axillae. Granuloma inguinale is a sexually transmitted infection that causes painless ulcers and is more common in the genital area rather than the axillae. Also, cat scratch fever, caused by Bartonella henselae, usually presents with lymphadenopathy and systemic symptoms rather than localized pustular lesions.

This understanding of the differential diagnoses reinforces the significance of localized lesions and response to antibiotic treatment in diagnosing hidradenitis suppurativa.